Ing rong eksperimen iki, kita ngenalake papat variabel sing beda kanggo verifikasi akurasi relatif model 3D. Papat variabel sing beda yaiku:
1: Jinis drone pembawa: drone VTOL utawa drone multi-rotor
2: GSD beda
3: Kanthi / Tanpa titik kontrol lemah
4: Kanthi / Tanpa data PPK
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
2 cm |
ya wis |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Dawane model 3D (L2) kanthi GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.21 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
|
8.706 |
8.71 |
8.68 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.90 |
0.09 |
0.06 |
2 |
7.010 |
6.89 |
6.98 |
0.12 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.80 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.40 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.67 |
10.70 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.75 |
13.77 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.39 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
8 |
7.526 |
7.51 |
7.49 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
|
13.797 |
13.79 |
13.81 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.36 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.02 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
|
4.281 |
4.15 |
4.16 |
0.13 |
0.12 |
11 |
14.675 |
14.61 |
14.66 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
|
8.600 |
8.60 |
8.54 |
0.00 |
0.06 |
12 |
13.394 |
13.37 |
13.35 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.88 |
12.89 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.18 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.35 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
6.435 |
6.40 |
6.41 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.72 |
-0.01 |
0.02 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.98 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.93 |
3.89 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.10 |
8.12 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
|
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.40 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.03 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.66 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
RMSE: Ds1=0,0342m, Ds2=0,0308m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
2 cm |
Ora |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Dawane model 3D (L2) kanthi GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.18 |
0.030 |
0.030 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.68 |
0.016 |
0,026 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.91 |
0.071 |
0,051 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.92 |
0.130 |
0.090 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0,062 |
0.032 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.030 |
0.020 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.66 |
0.068 |
0,058 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.77 |
0,067 |
0.017 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.38 |
-0,006 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.017 |
0,027 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.47 |
0.086 |
0,056 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.83 |
-0,033 |
-0,033 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.34 |
0,024 |
0.034 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.03 |
0.129 |
0,079 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.18 |
0.141 |
0.101 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.59 |
0.125 |
0.085 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.020 |
0.030 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.35 |
0.034 |
0.044 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.92 |
-0,010 |
0.020 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
-0,020 |
-0,020 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.36 |
0.011 |
0.011 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.43 |
0,065 |
0,005 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.72 |
0.002 |
0,022 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
6.00 |
-0,008 |
0,022 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.94 |
0,027 |
-0,003 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.09 |
0.030 |
0.030 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.41 |
0.011 |
0.001 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.03 |
0.017 |
0.047 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0.016 |
0.046 |
RMSE: Ds1=0,0397m, Ds2=0,0328m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
1,5 cm |
ya wis |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Dawane model 3D (L2) kanthi GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.21 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.7 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.88 |
10.89 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.87 |
6.99 |
0.14 |
0.02 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.75 |
1.78 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.69 |
10.69 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.78 |
13.76 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.39 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.12 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.51 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.78 |
13.8 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.34 |
10.35 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.11 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
4.281 |
4.21 |
4.28 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.65 |
14.68 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.53 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.40 |
13.37 |
-0.01 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.89 |
12.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.18 |
7.2 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
-0.01 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.46 |
6.4 |
-0.03 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.71 |
-0.01 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.98 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.89 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.08 |
8.1 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.38 |
14.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.05 |
6.03 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.67 |
13.64 |
0.03 |
0.06 |
RMSE: Ds1=0,0328m, Ds2=0,0249m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
1,5 cm |
Ora |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Dawane model 3D (L2) kanthi GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.21 |
0.010 |
0 |
8.706 |
8.65 |
8.68 |
0,056 |
0,026 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.87 |
0,061 |
0.091 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.86 |
6.88 |
0.150 |
0.13 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.76 |
0,062 |
0,062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.37 |
10.38 |
0.040 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.68 |
10.72 |
0,038 |
-0,002 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.71 |
13.79 |
0,077 |
-0,003 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0,027 |
0.017 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.53 |
0.036 |
-0,004 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.78 |
0,027 |
0.017 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.37 |
0,024 |
0.004 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.09 |
2.11 |
0.019 |
-0,001 |
4.281 |
4.19 |
4.28 |
0.091 |
0.001 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.64 |
14.67 |
0,035 |
0,005 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.58 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.38 |
13.39 |
0.014 |
0.004 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.91 |
12.9 |
0.030 |
0.04 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.19 |
-0,010 |
0 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.37 |
-0,009 |
0.001 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.42 |
0,005 |
0.015 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.7 |
0.042 |
0.042 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
5.98 |
0.032 |
0.042 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.91 |
-0,003 |
0,027 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.12 |
8.07 |
0.000 |
0.05 |
14.411 |
14.37 |
14.38 |
0.041 |
0.031 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.04 |
0,037 |
0,037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.046 |
RMSE: Ds1=0,0356m, Ds2=0,0259m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GSD |
PPK |
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor |
DG4pros |
1,5 cm |
Ora |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Dawane model 3D (L2) kanthi GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.19 |
7.21 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.70 |
8.70 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.91 |
10.91 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.98 |
6.98 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.80 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.39 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.69 |
10.70 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.76 |
13.75 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.50 |
7.49 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.79 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.33 |
10.35 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.07 |
0.09 |
0.04 |
4.281 |
4.20 |
4.21 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.65 |
14.66 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.57 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.35 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.92 |
12.93 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.17 |
7.18 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.35 |
13.36 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.41 |
6.42 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.71 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
6.00 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.89 |
3.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.08 |
8.10 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.36 |
14.35 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.06 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
RMSE: Ds1=0,0342m, Ds2=0,0256m |
Variabel eksperimen 1 yaiku:
1: Kanthi/Tanpa data PPK.
2: Jinis drone pembawa: drone VTOL utawa drone multi-rotor
3: GSD beda: 1,5 cm utawa 2 cm
Sawise analisis saka limang set data eksperimen, kita bisa nggawe kesimpulan ing ngisor iki:
Nalika kamera miring yaiku DG4Pros:
(1) Kanthi / Tanpa titik kontrol lemah (GCP) melu ing triangulasi AT, apa iku VTOL utawa multi-rotor mbengung, apa GSD punika 2cm utawa 1,5cm, model 3D dibangun dening kamera oblique DG4Pros bisa ketemu syarat kesalahan akurasi relatif Ds≤10cm.
(2) Nalika nganggo/tanpa GCP minangka variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D karo GCP luwih apik tinimbang tanpa GCP.
(3) Nalika GSD minangka variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D sing GSD 1,5cm luwih apik tinimbang GSD 2cm.
(4) Nalika drone operator minangka variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D sing nggunakake multi-rotor luwih apik tinimbang sing nggunakake VTOL minangka drone operator.
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GSD |
GCPs |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
2 cm |
NO |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) tanpa PPK |
Dawane model 3D (L2) kanthi PPK |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.20 |
0.030 |
0.01 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.71 |
0.016 |
0.00 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.87 |
0.071 |
0.09 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.89 |
0.130 |
0.12 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0,062 |
0.03 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.67 |
0.068 |
0.05 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.75 |
0,067 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.39 |
-0,006 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0.017 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.51 |
0.086 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.79 |
-0,033 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.35 |
0,024 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.03 |
0.129 |
0.08 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.15 |
0.141 |
0.13 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.61 |
0.125 |
0.07 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.60 |
0.020 |
0.00 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.37 |
0.034 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.88 |
-0,010 |
0.06 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
-0,020 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.36 |
0.011 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.40 |
0,065 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.75 |
0.002 |
-0.01 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
5.97 |
-0,008 |
0.05 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.93 |
0,027 |
0.01 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.10 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.40 |
0.011 |
0.01 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.04 |
0.017 |
0.04 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0.016 |
0.05 |
RMSE Ds1=0,0397m, Ds2=0,0342m |