Ing artikel pungkasan Kepiye titik kontrol lemah lan data PPK mengaruhi akurasi relatif model 3D, kita wis kasebut manawa saliyane data GCP lan PPK, drone GSD lan operator uga duwe efek tartamtu ing akurasi relatif 3D. model.Dadi kita nindakake test liyane kanggo verifikasi.
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
NO |
NO |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) GSD=2cm |
Dawane model 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2 (L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.20 |
0.030 |
0.010 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.65 |
0.016 |
0,056 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.90 |
0.071 |
0,061 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.86 |
0.130 |
0.150 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.76 |
0,062 |
0,062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.37 |
0.030 |
0.040 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.68 |
0.068 |
0,038 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.71 |
0,067 |
0,077 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.38 |
-0,006 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.017 |
0,027 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.49 |
0.086 |
0.036 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.77 |
-0,033 |
0,027 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.35 |
0,024 |
0,024 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.09 |
0.129 |
0.019 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.19 |
0.141 |
0.091 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.64 |
0.125 |
0,035 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.020 |
0.030 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.034 |
0.014 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.91 |
-0,010 |
0.030 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
-0,020 |
-0,010 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.011 |
-0,009 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.43 |
0,065 |
0,005 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.70 |
0.002 |
0.042 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
5.99 |
-0,008 |
0.032 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.94 |
0,027 |
-0,003 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.12 |
0.030 |
0.000 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.37 |
0.011 |
0.041 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.04 |
0.017 |
0,037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0.016 |
0.046 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0397m,DS2=0.0356m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
ya wis |
Ora |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) GSD=2cm |
Dawane model 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2 (L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.21 |
0.030 |
0 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.68 |
0,026 |
0,026 |
|
10.961 |
10.91 |
10.87 |
0,051 |
0.091 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.92 |
6.88 |
0.090 |
0.13 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.76 |
0.032 |
0,062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.38 |
0.020 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.66 |
10.72 |
0,058 |
-0,002 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.77 |
13.79 |
0.017 |
-0,003 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0,027 |
0.017 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.47 |
7.53 |
0,056 |
-0,004 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.78 |
-0,033 |
0.017 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.34 |
10.37 |
0.034 |
0.004 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.11 |
0,079 |
-0,001 |
4.281 |
4.18 |
4.28 |
0.101 |
0.001 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.59 |
14.67 |
0.085 |
0,005 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.58 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.39 |
0.044 |
0.004 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.92 |
12.9 |
0.020 |
0.04 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.19 |
-0,020 |
0 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.37 |
0.011 |
0.001 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.42 |
0,005 |
0.015 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.72 |
3.7 |
0,022 |
0.042 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.00 |
5.98 |
0,022 |
0.042 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.91 |
-0,003 |
0,027 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.07 |
0.030 |
0.05 |
14.411 |
14.41 |
14.38 |
0.001 |
0.031 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.03 |
6.04 |
0.047 |
0,037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.046 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0,0328m, DS2 = 0,0259m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
NO |
YA |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) GSD=2cm |
Dawane model 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2 (L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.20 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
8.706 |
8.71 |
8.69 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.88 |
0.09 |
0.08 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.89 |
6.87 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.75 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.38 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.67 |
10.69 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.75 |
13.78 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.38 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.51 |
7.49 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.79 |
13.78 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.34 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.02 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
4.281 |
4.15 |
4.21 |
0.13 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.61 |
14.65 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
8.600 |
8.60 |
8.57 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.37 |
13.40 |
0.02 |
-0.01 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.88 |
12.89 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.18 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
6.435 |
6.40 |
6.46 |
0.03 |
-0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.75 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.97 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.93 |
3.91 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.10 |
8.08 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.38 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.05 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0,0342m, DS2 = 0,0328m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera miring |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
YA |
YA |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Dawane model 3D (L1) GSD=2cm |
Dawane model 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2 (L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.7 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.89 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.98 |
6.99 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.80 |
1.78 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.40 |
10.39 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.70 |
10.69 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.77 |
13.76 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.39 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.51 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.81 |
13.8 |
-0.01 |
0.00 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.36 |
10.35 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.11 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
4.281 |
4.16 |
4.28 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.66 |
14.68 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
8.6 |
8.54 |
8.53 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.37 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.89 |
12.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.18 |
7.2 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.35 |
13.35 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.41 |
6.4 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.72 |
3.71 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.98 |
5.98 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.89 |
3.89 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.12 |
8.1 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.39 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.03 |
6.03 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.66 |
13.64 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0308m,DS2=0.0249m |
Variabel eksperimen 1 yaiku:
1: Kanthi/Tanpa data PPK.
2: Kanthi/Tanpa GCP.
3: GSD beda: 1,5 cm utawa 2 cm
Sawise analisis saka papat set data eksperimen, kita bisa nggawe kesimpulan ing ngisor iki:
Nalika kamera miring yaiku DG4Pros:
(1) Kanthi / Tanpa titik kontrol lemah (GCP) lan data PPK melu ing triangulasi AT, apa iku VTOL utawa drone multi-rotor, apa GSD 2cm utawa 1,5cm, model 3D dibangun dening kamera oblique DG4Pros bisa nyukupi syarat kesalahan akurasi relatif Ds≤10cm (Sejatine ≤5cm).
(2) Nalika GSD minangka variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D kanthi GSD = 1,5cm luwih apik tinimbang GSD = 2cm.
Kamera miring |
GCPs |
PPK |
GSD |
DG4pros |
NO |
NO |
1,5 cm |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Model 3D dawane (L1) CW10 |
Dawane model 3D (L2) M600Pro |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2 (L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
7.19 |
0.010 |
0.02 |
8.706 |
8.65 |
8.70 |
0,056 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.91 |
0,061 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.86 |
6.98 |
0.150 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0,062 |
0.03 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.37 |
10.39 |
0.040 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.68 |
10.69 |
0,038 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.71 |
13.76 |
0,077 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.12 |
0,027 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.50 |
0.036 |
0.03 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.77 |
0,027 |
0.03 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.33 |
0,024 |
0.04 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.09 |
2.02 |
0.019 |
0.09 |
4.281 |
4.19 |
4.20 |
0.091 |
0.08 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.64 |
14.65 |
0,035 |
0.03 |
8.6 |
8.57 |
8.57 |
0.030 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
0.014 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.91 |
12.92 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.20 |
7.17 |
-0,010 |
0.02 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
-0,009 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.41 |
0,005 |
0.02 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.70 |
0.042 |
0.04 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
5.99 |
0.032 |
0.03 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.89 |
-0,003 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.12 |
8.08 |
0.000 |
0.04 |
14.411 |
14.37 |
14.36 |
0.041 |
0.05 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.06 |
0,037 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.05 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0356m,DS2=0.342m |
Kamera miring |
GCPs |
PPK |
GSD |
DG4pros |
YA |
NO |
1,5 cm |
Jumlah Obyek |
dawa pangukuran (L0) |
Model 3D dawane (L1) CW10 |
Dawane model 3D (L2) M600Pro |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2 (L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
0 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.70 |
0,026 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.91 |
0.091 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.88 |
6.98 |
0.13 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.80 |
0,062 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.72 |
10.70 |
-0,002 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.79 |
13.75 |
-0,003 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0.017 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.53 |
7.49 |
-0,004 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.78 |
13.79 |
0.017 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.37 |
10.35 |
0.004 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.11 |
2.07 |
-0,001 |
0.04 |
4.281 |
4.28 |
4.21 |
0.001 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.67 |
14.66 |
0,005 |
0.02 |
8.6 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.39 |
13.35 |
0.004 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.9 |
12.93 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.19 |
7.18 |
0 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.37 |
13.36 |
0.001 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.42 |
6.42 |
0.015 |
0.01 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.7 |
3.71 |
0.042 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.98 |
6.00 |
0.042 |
0.02 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.91 |
0,027 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.07 |
8.10 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.38 |
14.35 |
0.031 |
0.06 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.06 |
0,037 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.046 |
0.03 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0259m,DS2=0.256m |
Variabel eksperimen 2 yaiku:
1: Kanthi/Tanpa GCP.
2: Drone Carrier sing beda: drone VTOL utawa drone multi-rotor
Sawise analisis rong set data eksperimen, kita bisa nggawe kesimpulan ing ngisor iki:
Nalika kamera miring yaiku DG4Pros:
(1) Kanthi / Tanpa titik kontrol lemah (GCP) apa iku VTOL utawa drone multi-rotor, model 3D sing dibangun dening kamera oblique DG4Pros bisa nyukupi syarat kesalahan akurasi relatif Ds≤10cm (Sejatine ≤5cm).
(2) Nalika jinis drone operator minangka variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D kanthi multi-rotor luwih apik tinimbang karo VTOL, nanging bedane ora gedhe banget.